Database management is a method for managing the data that supports a business’s operations. It involves storing data, distributing it to users and application programs making changes as needed and monitoring changes to the data and preventing it from becoming damaged due to unexpected failures. It is one component of a company’s total informational infrastructure that supports decision-making and growth for the business as well as compliance with laws such as the GDPR and the California Consumer Privacy Act.

In the 1960s, Charles Bachman and IBM along with others created the first database systems. They developed into information management systems (IMS) that made it possible to store and retrieve large amounts of data for a broad range of uses, from calculating inventory to supporting complex human resources and financial accounting functions.

A database is a set of tables that store data according to the specific scheme, for example one-to many relationships. It makes use of primary keys to identify records and allows cross-references between tables. Each table contains a number of fields, referred to as attributes, that www.muhm.com.tr provide information about the data entities. The most well-known type of database today is a relational model created by E. F. “Ted” Codd at IBM in the 1970s. This design is based upon normalizing data to make it easier to use. It also makes it simpler to update data without the necessity of changing many sections of the database.

The majority of DBMSs are able to support different types of databases by offering different levels of internal and external organization. The internal level is concerned with cost, scalability and other operational concerns, such as the layout of the physical storage. The external level is the representation of the database on user interfaces and applications. It could include a mix of different external views (based on the different data models) and may include virtual tables that are created from generic data in order to improve performance.